一、正确拼读千位以上的基数词 其方法是:从个位起每隔三位加一逗号,依次添加thousand,million,billion,其中的每三位数仍按百位数读。例如:
9,999,999,999 is read nine billion nine hundred and ninety-nine million nine hundred and ninety-nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine.
二、正确表达基数词
1.表示具体数目(确数)时 hundred,thousand和 million须用单数。例如:
The number of students in our school will be one thousand five hundred and twenty(1520)because we will have a new one next Monday.
我校学生数将达1520名,因为下周一我们有一名新生。
2.表示概数时,hundred,thousand和 million等后用复数(加-s),且后面接of短语。例如:
Tens of thousands of trees should be planted on the mountain every year.
每年在那座山上都应该栽植数以万计棵树。
三、准确表达分数,掌握分数的运用
1.其方法为:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,即:基数词+序数词。注意:分子大于1时,分母加-s。例如:
one third 三分之一three fifths 五分之三
2.运用:①分数后接名词须用of连接,即:基数词 + 序数词(s) + of名词。例如:
Three fifths of the apple was eaten. 已吃了这个苹果的五分之三。
Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.
地球表面的四分之三被水覆盖着。
②谓语动词的单复数取决于分数后的名词:若名词是单数或不可数名词,谓动采用单数形式;反之,谓动则采用复数形式。例如:
Two thirds of the teachers in our school are women teachers.
我校三分之二的教师是女教师。
须注意的是:用人口(population)作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式,但若有分数、百分数等修饰时谓语动词须用复数形式。例如:
Three fourths of the population of China are farmers.
中国四分之三的人口是农民。
③ half quarter也可用来表达二分之一、a/threequarter表示四分之一/三。例如:
One half of the telephone calls are made in English in the world. Three quarter of the world’s newspapers and magazines are written in English.
世界上一半的电话是用英语打的。四分之三的书籍和杂志是用英语写的。
四、注意年代表达法
其结构为:in the + 数词s,意为“在多少世纪多少年代”。例如:
In the 1980s,China changed a lot.
在二十世纪八十年代,中国变化很大。
五、大致年龄的表达方法
其结构为:in one’s + 整拾数的复数形式。例如:
In his teens he was very interested in science. In his twenties he became a famous scientist.
在他十几岁时,他就对科学有着浓厚的兴趣。二十来岁时,就成为著名的科学家。
六、含数字的复合形容词
注意:要将其看作一个整体,中间用短线连接,名词用单数。例如:
Mr. Green has an 8-year-old daughter. 格林先生有一个8岁的女儿.
On May Day we have a three-day holiday.
在五一我们都有三天的假期。
七、计量表达法
句型:主语 + be + 基数词 + 单位 + 形容词(long,wide,high,tall,old,away,deep等 )。例如:
The water in the river is only two meters deep in winter.
冬天这条河里的水只有两米深。
The greenhouse is ten meters long, five meters wide, two meters high.
这个温室十米长,五米宽,两米高。