初中常见英语交际用语(带译文) 常见英语交际用语技巧

  (一) 背景知识   从近几年中考题来看,常见交际用语是高频考点之一,但是由于英语国家的语言习惯与中国的语言习惯有许多不同之处,所以造成了许多同学在做选择题或书写,或与人交谈中造成误用中国方式来对英语的问句作解答。例如: 中国人遇到别人称赞,总是以谦逊为美德。但英美人则往往认为自信是美德。所以当别人夸奖你或赞美你时,就应说:“Thank you”;又比如中国人见面时常讲Where are you going? 或Have you had your breakfast yet?或How old are you?而英美人则认为你过多的干预别人的私生活了;而他们见面时往往问一些无关紧要的话,如:Hello! How are you going?(你过得怎样) Morning! 等。而good morning和How do you do 则被认为是较正规的问候语,在日常生活中则十分少见。虽然英语国家交际英语与中国交际用语有一些不同,但深入学习外国的生活习惯,全面了解他们的文化背景,历史渊源,这样就能真正的学好英语。
  (二) 常用中英交际用语对比
  1. ―Mum,I have passed the exam.
  ―________________________.
  (中)Study hard next time(英)Congratulations
  [析] 当别人取的成功时,英语国家会表示恭喜Congratulations; 但我们认为谦逊是美德,应该以后更努力。
  2. ―What can I do for you?
  (中) ―Yes, please help me (英) ―I’d like to buy a sweater
  [析] What can I do for you? 这一问语实际上用于的情景很多,要根据具体情况而定。如在商店中售货员讲这句话应译为:您想要点什么?在其他场合也可以被译为:我能为您做些什么?它的答语应是直接讲出想让对方提供的帮助。
  3. ―Thankyou for lookingafter Polly for me while we’re away?
  ―________________________.
  (中) No, thanks(英) With pleasure
  [析] With pleasure是英语中的一句十分客气的答语,用在当对方因你的帮助或你的许诺向你道谢时,表达自己十分乐意为对方效力的口气。
  4. ―What’s he like?
  ―________________________.
  (中) He likes English (英) He is old
  [析] 要区分 What’s he like?如 What does he like?前者为:他长得什么样?而后者是:他喜欢什么。
  5. ―Would you mind me opening the window?
  ―________________________.
  (中) Not at all (英) Never mind
  [析] “介意不介意”这一问法与答语在中英文中有所不同。其答语如果是同意应为:Certainly not,not at all而不同意时应为Yes, 或I’m sorry
  6. ― Have a good time tonight!
  ―________________________.
  (中) You are the same (英) The same to you
  [析] The same to you 是表达我也祝您有个愉快的夜晚,它是美语中习惯用法
  7. ―Hello! Could I speak to the headmaster,please?
  ―________________________.
  (中) Who are you ?(英) Who is that?
  [析]在英语学习中,习惯用法实际上在某种情况,或某种意义上讲比语法更为重要。如果只从句子的角度上去分析,它们可能都是对的。比如,当你拿起电话时,如果你想知道对方是谁,可以问Who’s that(speaking)?“但不要讲”Who are you?“如果你想先介绍一下自己可以讲”This is ××××speaking“而不要讲”I’m ×××ד也不要讲”My name is ×××××.“就语法而论,”Who are you? “I’m ××××”“My name is ×××××”并不错,也是英语中可用的句子,但就打电话这一场合,就不宜用了。
  8. (中)― What’s the problem?― I’ve got a headache.
  (英)What’s wrong with you?―I’ve got a headache.
  [析] What’s wrong with you?是询问对方身体状态如何,而What’s the problem?是问对方遇到了什么麻烦。
  9. ―How soon will you be ready?
  ―________________________.
  (中) Two days(英) In two days
  [析] 此题关键是要根据情景,身临其境,要注意的是对方问了什么,就应答什么。或答了什么就应问什么。How soon 问的是“还有多久才能作完”,这时要用in two days, 即在两小时之内即可以作完。如用How long 提问,则答语可以用two days。
  10. ―Hi,haven"t seen you for ages! You look fine!
  ―________________________.
  (中)Great,You look well too(英) Thanks,You look well
  [析] 要注意的是Great 在口语中多表示惊叹,而Thanks 则表示感谢对方的称赞。
  所以对情景谈话要有准确的判定,要根据情景,身临其境,上下对照,周密思考,弄清场合,注意英美人的风俗习惯,注重语义上的词语辨析,并要进行大量的语言实践练习,扩大实际交际能力。
  11. (中)―How much are they?
  ― Half a kilo,please.
  (英)― How many bananas do you want?
  ― Half a kilo Please.
  [析] 在英语国家How much are they? 问的是价格而实际物品的多少可以用how much+不可数名词或how many+可数名词表达。
  (三) 中考连接
  1. ―I wonthe high jump yesterday.
  ―________________________.
  A. It’s a small thing B. That’s all
  C. I hope soD. Congratulations to you
  2. ―You look very nice in dark blue.
  ―________________________.
  A. I don’t mind
  B. No, not at all
  C. That’s all right
  D. Thank you
  3. ―Would you like to have some rice?
  ―________________________.
  A. Yes,I like B. Yes,please
  C. of course D. Yes,I have
  4. ―Thank you very much for helping me.
  A. You’re welcome B. It doesn’t matter
  C. No need D. Don’t say that
  5. ―Help yourself to some meat
  ―________________________.
  A. It sounds nice
  B. Yes,please
  C. Yes,Let’s help each other
  D. Thank you
  6. ―Oh,I am not feeling well I’ve got a cold.
  ―________________________.
  A. Well,I’m sure to get weel soon
  B. Never mind,Take care
  C. I’m sorry to hear that
  D Fine,How are you?
  7. ―I’m sorry I don’t know the way,either You’d better ask that policeman for help.
  ―________________________.
  A. Good night
  B. That’s nothing
  C. Very well
  D. Thank you all the same
  8. ―Thank you for your good present.
  ―________________________.
  A. It’s not good
  B. No,no
  C. I am glad that you like it
  D. Never mind
  9. ―Which would you like tea or coffee?
  ―________________________.
  A. Yes,I do B. Thank you
  C. That’s fine D. Eitheris OK
  10. ―I’m going to Hawaii with my aunt this month for my holiday.
  ―________________________!
  A. Have a good time
  B. Best wishes to you
  C. Congratulations
  D. Please g
  参考答案
   1. D 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. D6. C 7. D 8. C9. D 10. A