1.英语的形容词作定语和名词作定语有何区别? 答:形容词作定语对名词起修饰作用,说明其性质特征,如外貌、颜色、大小、好坏、美丑等。例如a good boy,a beautiful flower, heavy rain, fresh meat 等。名词作定语主要对另一个名词起限定作用,即对这个名词在物质、内容、种类、程度、范围、时间、地点、原因等方面加以限定,而不是修饰。试对比:good watch(限定造表的物质为黄金)和golden watch(金色的或镀金的,形容表的颜色);gold fish(限定该鱼的用途为观赏类)和golden fish(形容鱼的颜色);beauty products(装饰产品,限定用途)和beautiful products(漂亮的产品,形容其外貌)。
下面再举一些名词作定语的例子:stone bridge 石桥,flower shop花店,politics class政治课,children disease 儿科疾病,inteligence test智力测验,office work 办公室工作,university graduate本科毕业生,foundation industry基础工业,the eleven thirty train十一点半的火车,production plan生产计划。
2.way,road,path和route均有“路”的意思,但在用法上有什么区别呢?
答:way是常用词,口语中也常用,如This way,please. 又如:Which is the shortest way to the station?way的常用词组也不少,如by the way, all the way(一路上),by way of (经由),on one’s way home等。
road也是常用词,可以表示具体的路,也可以表示抽象意义的路,例如go (take) the wrong road(走错路),There’s no Royal road to science.要注意,一般的路名要用road而不用way,如:He lives in 38 Nanjing Road.
path一般指小路,即人或动物经常行走而形成的路,例如:At a bend(拐弯处) in the road, I saw a path leading across a stream.path有时也可表示抽象意义的路,例如:In carrying out the scientific experiments, we’ll break path where none have gone before.(走前人没有走过的路)
route 一般指路线。例如:the Eighth-Route Army(八路军),又如:More bus routes will be opened.
3.real和true二词的含义和用法有何区别?
答:这两个词均有“真的”之意,real指的是客观存在,不是想象或幻觉的意思,而true指的是事实及实际情况相符合,并非杜撰。例如:
He is a true friend.表明他的言行符合做朋友的实际情况。
Who is the realmanager of the firm?问的是客观存在的事实,而非主观判断。
The is a true story.表明是真实故事,符合实际,而非杜撰。
This is a story of real life.说明故事来源于生活的客观实际,不是主观想象出来的东西。
true 还可以作表语用。例如:
Is this news true?
Is it true that you’re going to Japan?
His dream of foreign travel came true at last.
这两个词有时也可互换,如:Please tell me the real (true) reason.
4.He wants to see a doctor.和He needs to see a doctor.这两句意思相同吗?
答:两句都可译为“他需要看医生”。want和need在意思和用法上共同点主要是:以人作主语时,两词后接名词或不定式的主动式,表示“需要”,以事物或人作主语,两词后接动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式,表示“需要”或“应该”。请看以下例句:
I want(need) a new dictionary.
She wants(needs) to see you.
The house wants(needs) repairing/to be repaired.
He wants(needs) looking after/to be looked after.
但是两者也有区别:need可作情态动词,而want不能;want可带复合宾语,而need不能。例如:
I want you to think it over.
I don’t want you getting into trouble.
I don’t want the children taken out in such weather.
Need he go right now?
You needn’t write down your translation.