摘 要：The Internet has offered great convenience to all fields of the society with its rapid development. At the same time，the virtual Internet network society and the real society become more closely related，making more complicated supervising the virtual Internet network society. The proliferation of Internet unhealthy information has a negative effect on people’s normal life. How to prevent and nip unhealthy information in the bud is the key to Internet governance. At present，real-time supervision of the Internet unhealthy information has aroused great concerns around the world. China has also made corresponding laws and regulations to crack down on the behaviors that hazard the Internet security and to punish the Internet unhealthy information. This paper aims at analyzing the current situation of China’s Internet information and providing countermeasures to counter with the unhealthy information.
关键词：Internet，unhealthy information，status quo，countermeasures
中图分类号：H31 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1009-0118（2012）07-0295-04
The Internet，a symbol of the contemporary advanced productive forces，is an important Sci-Tech invention in the 20th century. It is the Internet that has changed people’s ways of transmitting information，shortened the time and space distance，and affected people""s lives. Meanwhile，the Internet has had a profound impact on the development of the world economics，politics，culture and society and has promoted the reform of information transmission. Today，the Internet has penetrated all fields of the society.
1.Internet in China
On September 14，1987，the first email sent by Beijing Computer Application Technology Institute of China symbolized that the Chinese people began to use the Internet from then on. After a long-term continuous technological exploration，on 20 April 1994，the Internet connection with all the functions was finally achieved，which meant that China""s Internet was officially recognized all over the world. Later，the interconnection of the four major Internet made the use of the Internet become popular and paved the way for China’s information superhighway. Today，the development of China""s Internet tends to be diverse. At the same time，Internet users considerably expanded，surpassing the average penetration rate throughout the world. According to the 2011 China Internet Development Statistics Report released by the China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC)，it shows that until the end of December 2011，there will be 513 million Internet users，356 million mobile phone users in China. The Internet penetration rate will come to 38.3%. However，with the rapid development of Internet in business practices，the Internet is manipulated by many illegal businessmen for dishonest gains. Consequently，the network security is frequently threatened and the credit is almost destroyed. Although the government has taken drastic measures to deal with these problems，the situation remains severe.
2.The status quo of China""s Internet unhealthy information
2.1 The proliferation of unhealthy information
Recently，with the rapid development of 3G technology，the media and intelligence functions of mobile phones accelerate and more information is conveyed. The biggest problem China’s Internet industries are facing is the growing proliferation of the unhealthy information. The websites are contaminated by a large number of false information，obscene information，especially pornographic and violent one.
According to statistics of China""s Internet Illegal and Unhealthy Information Reporting Center statistics，it reveals that in February 2012，the number of all kinds of reporting information is 71850 in total，which increases by 43.81% compared with that of January and the average daily reporting volume is 2478.Unhealthy information spreads further. Here is the proportion：pornography is 82.4%，fraud 10.3%，tort 2.7%，gambling 0.7%，anti-social morals 0.5%，attacking the party and the government 0.4%，anti-the constitution principle 0.3%，the virus 0.2%，promoting cult 0.1%，private servers hacking 0.1%，other 2.2%. Pornographic proportion is reported to increase by 6.8 % compared with that of January. The number of fraud reporting is second only to that of pornography.
2.2 The reason for the existence of the unhealthy information
The cause of unhealthy information is mainly for economic benefits. The business field is filled with harsh competitions，in order to increase their amount of information，and increase the click rate，many websites blindly paste all kinds of information，misleading the users. Some large websites rely on the pornographic information to attract more Internet users. Some websites，network advertisers and Internet providers will make underground business，merely aiming at obscene information to make money. The increase in click and flow will bring more advertisements，and therefore they will get more finances to achieve their goal of earning more money.
Secondly，there is a lack of supervision in the Internet information transmitting and visiting. As a media，many websites fail to fulfill the social responsibility by allowing the unhealthy information to transmit. The Internet transmission is characteristic of being anonymous，real-time，two-way interaction，which the traditional media can not match. Each user is both the receiver and the sender of information. They can make their own web pages; they can set up their own blog or podcast，and can even release all kinds of information through the BBS anonymously，which offers convenience for the criminals to release their unhealthy information. In order to attract more users，website managers give the green light for a large number of false and pornographic information. And then some criminals use the Internet to engage in illegal activities. The Criminals beguile users with chat dating，false winning，false shopping and false advertising; Hacker spread Trojans and viruses to steal Internet users’ valuable information. 2.3 The forms of unhealthy information
The Internet unhealthy information is characteristic of extensiveness，fast speed，multi channels，secrecy and social hazard. It ranges from its original simple text to diverse forms，including words，pictures，audio，video，etc. There are different ways to identify and supervise different forms of information.
2.3.1Text information：Currently，four methods are mainly used：key word matching method，latent semantic indexing method，neural network method and identification method similar to information retrieval. The keyword matching method，a quite simple one，is usually used to build Boolean logic models and the vector space model. However，owing to the lack of contexts，it is hard to identify information accurately. The latent semantic indexing method is involved in the processing of natural language through establishing a document space based on latent semantic indexing. Documents of similar themes are near to each other in the space. It identifies information according to the threshold that has been set.This method is rather complicated. The system performs slowly and its capability to identify will be decreased with the addition of new words. The neural network method is to imitate the structure of human brain and the function of the nerve system. It virtualizes the information that the users are interested in to be an artificial neural network，and combines with various mathematical algorithms to realize information identification. This possesses a certain fault tolerance and flexibility and can update automatically，but it is more complex and slow.
2.3.2 Multimedia information：In addition to text information，multimedia information also includes image information，audio information and video information，which is more difficult to identify and supervise than text information. Multimedia information is a time series of stream，so it can not deal directly with a long video or audio. Thus，multimedia data should be divided into different lengths and be classified with the multimedia physical units. Identification and supervision of the images are mainly two kinds：text-based and content-based. For the identification and supervision of the text-based multi-media information，it is to build an index database similar to a text document information retrieval system，marking with keywords，identify through text matching. This method is simple and inexpensive，but it can only be semi-automatic，remaining to improve its accuracy. Identification of content-based multimedia information first extracts the features of the multi-media (to represent the original signal data form，such as the extracting of color，texture and movement from the image and video; sound，pitch and tone from the audio)，and then system recognizes the semantic categories and sets up index for them. This demands higher system storage and counting ability. At present，the text testing technology is more advanced，and can achieve automatic testing with high precision and efficiency as well. As for images，audio and video testing technology，the input and the outcome are not proportional. It often combines management with technology.
2.4 The transmitting ways of unhealthy information
As the business of the Internet continues to expand，the transmission of information has developed from the simplest HTTP web browser to P2P，IM etc. Difficult measures of identification and supervision should be adopted to counter with unhealthy information transmitted by different ways.
2.4.1 HTTP method：This is the most popular way that transmits unhealthy Internet information. Its identification and test are fulfilled by active pull testing and passive supervising，usually with the help of Web Worms together with DPI (Deep Package Instruction) to monitor the flow and content of the HTTP.
2.4.2 P2P method：This is called “point to point” method which is commonly applied in data downloads，video streaming etc. Users download，at the same time，computers upload. In this way，data is scattered in a number of nodes so that it is difficult to test and filter. Supervision is the main measure to manage this type.
2.4.3 IM method (Instant Message)：It is a convenient way of communication for the users to communicate online，transfer files，voice chat and video conference. Unhealthy information is commonly transmitted in this way，and Internet service providers provide only the bottom of the network，it is difficult to identify the unhealthy information through the supervision of the flow. So it usually reviews content from ICP side.
3.The countermeasures dealing with the proliferation of Internet unhealthy information
3.1 Establish sound laws and regulations concerning information security and build an efficient management mechanism
The Internet unhealthy information is characteristic of extensiveness，fast speed，multi channels，secrecy and social hazard. It becomes more difficult to supervise the Internet unhealthy information because of differences in cultural backgrounds，legal environment，social trends and political systems. At present，the measures to deal with unhealthy information in China are still artificial and passive ones and it is dealt with only if it has caused damage. How to prevent and nip unhealthy information in the bud is the key to Internet governance.
The real society needs to have definite social norms and advanced legal systems. Compared to developed countries. So does the virtual Internet community. Compared with developed countries，China has not set up special Internet information security management laws and regulations. Such laws and regulations are only subsidiary to the related laws，administrative regulations and departmental rules，causing many legislative bodies，chaos，legal inefficiency，indefinite supervising objects etc. It is imperative that we take an immediate action to promote China""s Internet information security legislation，to modify and perfect information safety regulations and the administration of Internet information services. The principal powers，obligations and legal responsibilities of the government organizations，network service providers，Internet industries，and users should be clearly stated. Laws and regulations concerning on-line transactions，e-authentication，credit management and protection of privacy should be formulated. Therefore，a radical change in the current situation can be achieved，that is，no laws are to abide by and it is hard to act in accordance with laws. In addition to strengthening the legislation，an information security management system with a clear division of duty and responsibility，powerful ability to coordinate should be established. A highly authentic information security management institution (such as America""s ISOC) should be set up to supervise the Internet network. The present situation of China""s Internet information security management should be changed to avoid so many departments，unmatched functions，overlapping，even conflicting. The government ought to set up specialized establishments to determine what can be transmitted over networks. This would also help parents to filter the unhealthy contents that are harmful to their children. In recent years，in China，many actions have been taken to fight against Internet pornography and the elimination of illegal pornography web site and they are quite fruitful. Finally，a long-term mechanism should also be established.
3.2 Strengthen the industry’s internal supervision mechanism and promote the industry self-discipline
The initial designing idea of the Internet is “customers’ self-discipline”. It is assumed that the Internet users show “self constraint，mutual modesty” when making use of the network resources. With the rapid development of the Internet，the principle of customers’ self-discipline has been completely destroyed. Therefore，the Internet industries themselves should undertake the social responsibility of the media：strengthen the supervising of the bad information and shielding，perfecting the viruses，Trojan horses and preventing and clearing malicious software. These industries should cooperate with relevant government functional departments to fight against illegal behaviors in information security and illegal activities of sending spam，and they should popularize advanced information security tools. The self-discipline in the industry should be highly praised. All the Internet industries should cooperate and supervise each other to create a harmonious system，avoiding being driven by interest to become accomplices of the Internet unhealthy information.
In May，2001，China’s Internet Association was established as a result of being co-sponsored by the Internet industry equipment manufacturers，system integrators，network operators，service providers，scientific research and educational institutions. The Association adheres to the national laws and regulations and social morality，and sticks to the thought of innovation and cooperation，serves for the development of the industry and government decisions，making full use of its industry organization function. The Association vigorously promotes the relevant national policies，laws and regulations，consciously establishes industry self-discipline mechanism and strengthens the norms of the industry to help the internet industry develop in a healthy and orderly way. In addition，plans to manage the internal information of industries should be made，the abilities of the management should be improved and security capabilities should be enhanced within the industries. The industries should strictly adhere to the relevant laws and regulations to block unhealthy information to spread from its source，track the newly increased unhealthy information everyday and keep updating and shielding. For example，they can control the network of middle and primary schools through the broadband network router，setting unhealthy Web filter standards. Therefore，without setting and modifying，the users can shield websites that have a negative effect on the physical and mental development of the children by using the specified account. 3.3 Strengthen fundamental industries and the independent ability of technology
The Internet industries in China started late. The unhealthy information and illegal behaviors of the Internet tend to become complex，covert，and specialized. Facing such a tendency，China’s basic IT theories and key technologies are still too weak to deal with it. The infrastructure，the Internet resource management and high-end information security products can not be independently controlled，so the domestic industries have to rely on foreign manufacturers to get the core equipment，advanced technology and overall solutions. Meanwhile，the industries fail to manage the imported facilities well and can’t transform them properly. Accordingly，these industries should make attempts to strengthen the research and development of the security products and relevant technologies，to break through the core technology in the field of information security，to develop independently controllable high-end information security products and to complete the whole solution，improving the independent ability of Internet information.
At present，China’s Internet unhealthy information is mostly supervised by intelligent filtering. The following four systems are famous for such technology：The NIFS system of Xi’an Jiao Tong University，the content security filtering system of Shanghai Jiao Tong University，the graphic network content monitoring system of Beijing Institute (DFNMS) and the real time information detecting and filtering system(RIFS) of the University of electronic Science and technology. Analyses and researches on Internet information supervising technology include researches on network processing protocol and architecture for unhealthy information text classification，information extraction，Web access to information the crawler algorithm，string matching monitoring.
3.4 Internet users should cultivate their own information refinement
Nowadays，China has possessed the world’s largest Internet users. In the information age，the main reason for the poor supervision of the Internet unhealthy information is the weak information safety consciousness of the users. The users should increasingly improve their own information refinement to treat the Internet unhealthy information in an objective way，to make good use of the information they need and to resist the uncivil Internet behaviors.
4.Summary
It is far from enough for us to manage the unhealthy information well only by a few industries. A long-term，open mechanism must be established. The government should strengthen legislation. The industries and Internet users should be more self-disciplined. The educational institutions should help cultivate the information refinement of the users. Only in this way can the Internet be well managed.
参考文献：
［1］http：//www.省略.cn/Society_js.php In Chinese.
［2］Jiang Lintao.Chance and Challenge From Importing Internet［J］.telecommunications science，2008，(1) (In Chinese).
［3］http：//www.省略/html/56/n-14256-1.html(In Chinese).
［4］The 29 times China Internet network development state statistic report,2012：1(In Chinese).
［5］http：//net.省略/ggl/txt/2012-03/12/content_4867318.htm(In Chinese).